Vehicle brake



Oct. 14, 1952 c. A. NERACHER ETAL 2,613,774

VEHICLE BRAKE Filed March 1, 194e 4 sheets-sheet 1 MMM A77' rain/E75.

Oct. 14, 1952 c. A. NERACHER "-r Al.

VEHICLE BRAKE Filed March l, 1946 Oct. 14, 1952 c. A. NERACHER ETAL2,613,774

VEHICLE BRAKE Filed March 1, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 E E: INVENToRs.

Maf-JM Avehicle operator.

Patented Oct. 14, `1952' VEHICLE BRAKE carl A. Neracherana William T.Dunn, Detroit. Mich., `assignors to Chrysler Corporation,l HighlandPark, Mich., a corporation of-Delaw'are u Application March 1, 1946,serial No. 651,253

24 claims. (cl. 19a-4) This Aapplication relates tothe association'of abraking means with the driving means of a motor vehicle.

It is usual practice Vto provide a motor vehicle with a specialbrake-that may be applied when .the vehicle is parkedor .when thevehicle is being vmaneuvered onlincl'ines. If this-special brake isdefective as .may'irequentlybe the case, there may lbe no way lof.holding the vehicle in the above cases. It 'hasi'been customary to.park a vehicle in gear, butftha practice is subject to the drawbackthatfthe vehicle may move lif the incline on which it 'isparked issufficient to cause the engine to turnover.fMoreover, it is vpracticallyimpossible 'to lstart'fthe engine by a starter when the vehicle is ingear, and so it is impossible to hold the vehicle by rits being in gear,at a time when the englneis to'be started; rIf the vehicle is providedw`i`tl.1' a slip-drive powertransmitting device such as a fluidcoupling, orl

the like, located at's'orn'e pointbetween the driving wheels and the'engineQthe lengine cannot be used to brake the car except to keep thevehicle below 'a speedatwhichthe driven part of the fluid device willeffectively attempt 'to drive the driving part. v Accordingly,v itbecomesdesirable `to provide some supplementary braking Vmeans thatwillv beeective" under the conditions outlined above, .andfw'e haveprovided such a braking means. i i v An 'object of the present inventionis to provide an improved "braking" means-v for a motor vehicle of atype :that willprevent movementvof the vehicle either vforwards yorbackwards depending upon the drive `selection made by the fvThe brakingmeans may be associated with a' conventional change-speed transmissionin'crderto prevent relative forward movement or backward movement. Y

A further 'object is to associatel fa braking means that vmay take theform of a one-way brake with a main clutch of a motor vehicle so thatthe rclutch may determine `whether the braking means is to beoperative.v 1

Another object istoassociate a one-way brake with a motor' vehicledriven by an engine yacting through a power transmitting device having aslip characteristic. Y l Still another object is to provide improvementsin operating means' for a clutch associated witha changefspeedtransmission as" part of vehicle-propelling Vmeans and with a one-waybrake acting with the clutch and transmission to hold the vehicleagainst movement as desired. "other objects wiiiappearlfromsthedisclosure.

Fig. 1 is :a--Iongitudinal section -of a, ldriving vmeans comprising afluid coupling, a clutch, and i a Achange speed transmission, with whichdriving means the novel brake of the present invention is associated; 4

Fig. 2 `a longitudinal sectional view of a drivingrvmeans including amodied form of transmission, to which driving meansl the vnovel brake`of the present invention is applied;

Fig. 3 is a sectional View taken on the line Fig. 4 is a diagrammaticview taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. .1.; Y Fig. 5 is a sectional viewof a driving means to which a modified form of brake is applied;

andl

Fig. 6 is a, sectionalview of the driving means to which a vsecondmodified form of brake is applied.

The reference lcharacter I0 designates a driving shaft, whichmay be anengine driven shaft such as a crankshaft. The driving shaft-Ill visconnected lby* screws II and nuts I2 to a casing I3 of a slip-drivepower transmitting Vdevice such as the iiuid coupling I4. The .impellerI5 is secured in suitable manner to the casing I3.` A

runner I6, positioned in juxtaposed relationto the impeller I5 issecured toY a hub part Il. y The hub part I'I is journalled at one endeXteriorly by means of a ball bearing 4I8 on the impcller' casing I3.and interiorly by means of roller bearshaft 20. A seal 2 Ia acts betweenone end of the casing I3 and the hub'part I'I to keep fluid within 'the'casing. A hub member 22, forming part of the driving side of a clutch 23.is keyed as indicated at 3a tothe hub part Il. `The driving side of theclutch 23 also 'includes a cover 24 secured by screws 25 to the hubmember 22, and a pressure ring '26 vurged'by springs r2'? toward the hubmember 22, thereby causing a discmember 28 constituting the drivenfsideof the clutch 23 to be clamped between the pressure ringA 2B and the hubmember 22. The A.disc member v28 is keyed or splined as indicatedat 29to the driven shaft 20. The driven shaft `constitutes the input shaft ofa transmission 30 including a casing 3|.

One end of the shaft 20 lprojects into thel transrvmission casing 3| andhas formed thereon a vin Fig. 1 `a synchronizer ring 35 is positionedbetweenthe toothed section 33 and the sleeve 34.

.at o to the output shaft 45. "shown in vdash--dot lines, continuallymeshes with The gear 32 continually meshes with a gear 36 which ismounted upon and drivingly connected to a compound gear 31 by means of aone-way clutch 38. The compound gear 31 has a gear section 39continually meshing with a gear 40. One end of the gear 4I) carries inslidable driving relation the sleeve y34, and the. other end of the gearhas a toothed section 4I engageable 'by a toothed sleeve 42, asynchronizer ring43 being between the sleeve 42 and the toothed section4 I. The sleeve 42 has a sliding driving connection with an intermediatedriving member 44 keyed to an output shaft 45, as indicated at 45e. The

sleeve 42 is selectively engageable eitherwiththe toothed section 4I andthe'gear or with a toothed section 46 upon a gear 41, there being asynchronizer ring 41EL between vthe toothed section 46 and the sleeve42.The gear 41 continually meshes with a gear section 48 on the compoundgear 31. A gear 49 is keyed as indicated A n idler gear 5I,

the gear section 48'and is axially 4slidable into and out of engagementwith the gear'49. To the shell 24 of the clutch 23 is suitably securedan extension member 5 2, whichextends radially inwardly intodriving'engagement with 'one end ofi-a sleeveV 53 mounted upon thedriven shaft 20. The other endof the sleeve 53 is enl'arged and is'actedupon by a one-way brake 54,

which also acts upon one end of a-sleeve 55v secured by screws 56 to thetransmission casing 3l.

The sleeve 55 surrounds the sleeve -53 and supports 59 is engageablewith one end of a plurality of pins 63 supported and extending throughthe extension part 52 of the clutch casing 24. The pins 6l) projectwithin the clutch casing 24 and are suitablyv secured as by riveting toa ring 6I.

The ring 6i engages the inner ends of a plurality of levers 62, whichrare fulcrumed upon members 63 suitably secured to the clutch casing oryshell member 24. The-outerjends 'of thelevers 62 engage the pressurering 26ofthje clutch 23.

The one-way brake 54 isjshown in detail in "Fig, 3. As seen in thisfigure, the brake includes a ring 64 having apluralityo'f openings 65 inwhich are mounteda plurality of rollers 66. The enlarged end of thesleeve53, whichis designated by the reference character 61, Vis formedwith a plurality ofinclined faces 68 spaced from one another by channelsor depressions 69. The inclined faces 68 are shown as engaging therollers fixed to the transmission casing 3I If the sleeve 53 and itsenlarged end 61 tend to move in a c ounterclockwise direction, vasviewed in Fig. 3, the rollersj66 tend to move up the inclined faces 68and thereby are tightly jammed between the inclined faces 68 and theinner surface of the fixed sleeve 55. Thus rotation of the sleeve 53 ina counterclockwise direction is prevented.

The operation of the entire device of Fig. 1 is I as follows. Assumethat the engine or other driving' means tends to rotate the drivingshaft IU in a clockwise direction viewed in the direction of the arrows3-3, designating the location of the sectional view of Fig. 3 vinFig. 1. The

Thus the control means 51 'for the clutch 23, which includes a ballbearing 58 and a ring 59. The ring casing I3 and the impe1lerI5 of theuid coupling I4 will also rotate clockwise, and when they haveattainedva suilicient speed they will cause clockwise rotation of therunner I6 through the action of the fluid contained in the uid coupling.This causes the hub part I1, and the hub member 22 .keyedthereto andforming part of the driving side of the clutch 23 to rotate clockwise.If the clutch 23 is engaged as it is shown to be in Fig. l, the discmember 28 will also rotate clockwise. causing the driven shaft 20 torotate in the same direction. The rotation of the driven shaft 2Ilvwhich .constitutes the input shaft of the transmission 36 iscommunicated in various ways to the output shaft 45 of the transmissionthrough the gears contained in the transmission casing 3|.` Assume, forexample, that the transmission gears are positioned as shown in Fig. l,

with thesleeve 34 so positioned as not to be in driving engagement withthe toothed section 33 on the input shaft20. Then drive is transmittedfrom the shaft 23 through the gear 32, the gear 36, theclutch 3 8, andthe gear section 39 to the gear 40. If now the sleeve 42 is shifted tothe left into engagemen t with the toothed section 4I on the gear 40,the gear 40 is directly connected to the output shaft 45. If a lowerratio of speed of outputshaft 45 to speed of input shaft 2B is desired,the sleeve 42 is'shifted to the right into engagement with thetoothedsection 46 on the gear 41. Then drivefis transmitted from the inputshaft 20 through the gear 32, the gear 36, the clutch 38, thegear'section'48, the gear 41, and the sleeve 42 tothe output shaft 45.The position of the sleeve' 42 may be suitably manually controlled. Thesle'eve34 may, for example, be

automatically controlled from the speed of the input shaft 2l) throughsuitable means, not shown.

When the speed of the` input shaft 20 reaches a certain amount, thesleeve 34 will shift to'the left, engaging the toothed section 33 on theinput shaft 20. Thus there is established a direct drive betweenl theinput vshaft 20 and the gear 40. If under these conditions it is desiredto connect the output shaft 45 directly to the input shaft 2i), thesleeve 42 is shifted tov the left so as to effect a direct connectionbetween the gear 40 and the output shaftvv 45. If with the gear 40directly connected'to the input shaft 20 it is desired to have theoutput shaft 45 rotate at a lower speed than the input shaftZILthesleeve 42 is shifted to the right to connect the gear 41 to the outputshaft 45. -At this time drive of the input shaft 20 is transmittedthrough the toothed section 33, the sleeve 34, the-gear 40, the gearsection 39, the gear section 48,.the gear 41, and the sleeve 42 to theoutput shaft 45.. The one-way clutch 38 will permit the compound gear 31to rotate faster than the gear 36 as is required when there is a directdrive between the input shaft 28 and the gear 40. When the speed of theinput shaft 20 falls below a certain value, the sleeve 34 willautomatically shift to the right, causing a resumption of the drivingconditions originally described. When it is desired to reverse thedirecm tion of the output shaft 45, the idler gear 5I is axially shiftedto the right into engagement with the gear 49. Then drive is transmittedfrom the input shaft 20 through the gear 32, the gear 36. the clutch 38,the gear section 48, the idler gear 5I, and the gear 49 to the outputshaft 45. `Conceivably, when the ltransmission is in reverse, the speedof the shaft 20 may become sufliciently high to cause the sleeve 34 tobecome engaged with the toothed section on the gear 20. Then cause theinput shaft to be so driven.

' the input shaft 26 is not to be driven, the clutch drive will be.transmitted from the input shaft 2D to .the output shaft Y.45 throughthe gear 20, the sleeve 34, the gear :43, lthe gear section 39,the

gear sectionll, the idler gear 5l, and thegear 49.

The manner off'cperation of the one-way clutch 38 is best seen in Fig.4. In this ligure the input shaft and the geary 32 formed thereon arerotating in 'a clockwisedirectionand thus` cause the gear .to rotateinva counterclockwise direction. The clutch 3B is so constructed-.that"as`indicated in the vyes-no designation in Fig. 4, lthe compoundgear 31 mayrotate with respect to the gear 35 ina counterclockwise directionvbutmay not rotate with-respect to it in a clockwise direction.v Thus thecompoundv gear 31 mayV rotate faster. .than but not slower than the gear-33 inla counterclockwise direction. If the gear section 31 `rotates inaAclockwise direction, it will cause a clockwise rotatio-nfo'fthe gear36. f

If drive is to be transmitted through .the transmission 30, it isnecessaryrthatlthe input shaft 23 be drivingly connected with thedriving shaft L0 through .the clutch 23,.andfFig. lshows the parts .ofthe 'clutch 23 Aso positionedas .to V/'hen 23 is disengaged by movementto the left of control means 51. This causes the ring'p) tomove againstthe pins .6.0, which act through thering 1 E! 'to shift .the inner endsol the levers 612to the left.

This results in a rightward movement of the outer ends of the levers 62,which cause'thev press-ure ring. 26 to .be shifted to the right againstthe action of the springs 21. This releases the disc member 28 fromdriving engagement with the hub member 42 of the clutch.

I Let 11s now consider the desired function and purpose ofthe one-waybrake 54 of Fig. 3. If the Vehicle .ill which the driving means islmounted is parked-on an incline ,Such as to cause `the vehicle to rollback-wards, .and it is impossible or undesirable to use a Aspecial brakeVto prevent such backward movement, lthe engine alone cannot be reliedupon to prevent the backwards-movement,

for the runner i6 of the uid coupling I4 may y slip and rotate at lowspeeds with respecttovthe impeller l5. The one-way brake 54 will preventsuch backwardsrnovement in the following manner if the transmission 3Eis set for any forward drive ratio. Backwards movement of the vehiclewould cause the output shaft 45 ofthe transmission to rotate in acounterclockwise ydirection -ii viewed in the direction of the arrows3-.3 and l-il of Fig. l. If now the sleeve 42. engages either thetoothed section 46 of the gear 41 or the toothed sectionl of the gear40, thecounterclockwise rotation of the output shaft tending to beproducedby the backwardmovement of the vehicle would resultiin clockwise'rotation of the compound gear 31. Since, as seen` in Fig.

4, theHone-way clutch 33 willrv prevent clockwise movement of thecompound gear 31 with respect to the gear 3S there will be a tendencyfor clockwise movement of .the gear 35 to be produced. This will resultin an attempted counterelockwise movement ofthe gear 32 and the inputshaft 23, which will be transmitted through the clutch 23, if engaged,to the Vsleeve 53. As was previously explained and is self-evident fromFig.

counterclockwise movement of the sleeve k53 cannot take place, becausethe inclinedfsurfaces '68 move the rollers outwardly against theii-Xed'- sleeve 55. If itis desired to permit the'afore mentionedbackward movement of the vehicle,

' the clutch 23 maybe disengaged and thereby the input vshaft 20 isfreed from the vsleeve 3."'It

as preViou,Sly-'idescribed;l

may 'be desirable to prevent back-ward movement n of rthe vehicle rat.other times than when the vehicle `isparked. For. example, the vehiclemay beftemporarily stopped-.in traiiic under conditions thatwould makeit impossible to speed. the engine suiiiciently to .causev the impellerl 5 of the ,fluid coupling to rotate fast Aenough ina lclockwisedirectiontopreventcounterclockwiselmovement of the runner I6. It is'onlyrequired that the clutch 23 be .engagedfand that the sleeve42 be in 'oneof its .engaged forward' drive positions.

If .the sleeve. engagesfthe toothed section 33 associatedfwith gear32formed on input shaft,

then backward movemen-tflof the vehicle would v producecounterclockwrise`y movement of the out`- .putshaftl which would producecounterclockwisev movement .of .the vinput-shaft 2l', either directlywiththesleeve'42 engaging lthe toothed. section y4I on the gear 4l, orindirectly -withlthe sleeve 42 engaging the toothed section 48 on thegear v41. Such-counterclockwise movement oi theinput shaft would with-theclutch 23 engaged produce counterclockwise movement of `lthe sleeve53, which is prevented bythe one-way ,brake 54,

AIf the vehicle isV on an incline such' as would ycauseit to rmoveforward, this maybe prevented by setting the transmission 3l forreversedrive throughl engagement: ofthe idler gear 5| with the gear 4 9and effecting 'engagement of the clutch 23. Forward movement of thevehicle would result inclockwise rotation of the output shaft 45, whichwould beltransinitted through the gears 49 and 5| as clockwiselfrotaiion tothe compound gear 31. As Apreviously*.deseribecl, the.one-way clutcht will Vnot'perrnit clockwise rotation lof the compoundgear 3 1 Without clockwise rotation of the gear 35,v` yClockwiserotation ofthe gear 3B would result infcounterclockwise rotation of thegear 32 and the input shaft 23, and with the clutch123 engagedcounterclockwise.rotation of the sleeve 53 would result. However, thisisY impossible because of the wedging actionbetween the rollers 66andtheinclined surfaces 53 on the enlargement 61 formed on the end ofthe sleeve 53. Fig. l2 shows the one-way brak-e 54 in use with adifferent form of change ,speed transmission which'is herebyfdesignatedwith thereference character 1|'.l.v A transmission casing 1l is providedin which is positioned a gear 12 formed on the end of thedriven or inputshaft 23. The gear 12 continuously` meshes with va .gearsec'tion 1,3forming part .of alcompound gear 14 which also includes gear sections1.5, 16, and 11. #The gear section 15 continuously meshes with a gear 18rotatably supportedupon a transmission output sh-aft 19. A Vgearlill isslidably and drivingly connected with the -output shaft 19 so as to mesheither with the gear .section 13 orwith idler gear 8l continuouslymeshing withthegear section A11. .The position of the gear Bil iscontrolled bya fork 182 attached to a rail 8.3. When the k,gear 8 0.engages the gear section 1t, the transmission 'lisfin rst or low, drive.being Y transmitted from they input shaft 20 through the gear 12,-thegear section-13, the gear section "l5,v andthe gear 8.0 tothe outputshaft 1e. the gear 8B Ameshes with the idler gear 8|,v thetransmissionisin reverse, the shaft '194 rotating in a oounterclockwisedirection when viewed from left to right if the inputfshaft 20 rotatesin a clockwise direction. y Inthis-condition drive is transmitted fromthe input shaft 2G through the Agear 12, the' gear section 13, the`gear-sec-v tion 11, the idlerge'ar 8|, and the gear V39 to When v theloutput shaft 19.

tion- 88 formed on the gear 18.

Positioned between the gears 12 and 18 is a shifting member 84controlled by a fork 85 attached to a rail 86. The shifting member "04has lat one end an internal clutching section (not shown) formed to meshwith a mating clutching section 81'formedon the end of the input shaft20.2 vAn internal clutching section, not shown, is formed on the other`end of the `shifting member 84 andis adapted to mesh with Ia matingclutching secmember 84 has slidabledriving engagement with the outputshaft 19. `When the shiftingmember 84 is moved to the right' so that itsinternal clutch teeth engage the teeth on clutching section 88 formed onthe gear 18,'the'transmission is in second or intermediate, 'drive beingtransmitted from the input shaft through the gear 12, the gear section1,3, the gear section 1-5, the gear 18, andthe shifting member 84 to theoutput shaft 19. When the member `84 is moved to the left, its internalclutch teeth engage the teeth on `the clutching section 8. 1 formed onthe end of the input Vshaft'20, and the transmission is in thir-d ordirect' or high, the input shaft being #directly connected to the outputshaft 19 through the member `84 and thereby causing the output shaft 19to rotate at thesame speed as ,the input shaft 20.

The one-way brake '54 functionsy lwith Ythe transmission 10 of Fig. 21'in the manner described for Fig. '1. If backward movement of the vehicleis to bey prevented the clutch `23 connecting the fluid coupling yandthe input K shaft 20 is engaged, and the member 84 is shifted to theright or to the left so as to be engaged either with gear 18 or withinput shaft 20, or the gear 80 is shifted to the left into eng-agementwith the gear section 16 to'condition the transmission 10 for forwarddrive. Thus counterclockwise rotation of the output shaft 19 tending tobe produced by backward movement of the vehicle would cause'counterclockwise movement of the input lshaft 20 and of the sleeve 53.AHowever, the one-way brake 54 prevents counterclockwise movement of thesleeve 53 and thereby prevents counterclockwise movement of the inputshaft 20 and the output shaft 19 and backward movement of the vehicle.When backward movement of the'l vehicle is to 'be al- I lowed the clutchis disengaged, and the input shaft 20 may rotate in a counterclockwisedirection independently of the sleeve 53'. If forw'ard movement of thevehicle is to be prevent- `ed the gear 80 is shifted into engagementwith v the idler gear 8| to conditionA the transmission 10 for reversedrive. Forward movement of the vehicle would result in clockwisemovement of the output shaft 1'9 which would betr-ansmitted through thegear 80, the idler gear 8|, the gear section 11, theV gear section 13,Yand the gear 12 as counterclockwise rotationr of the in put shaft 20.Since vengagement of the,l clutch 23 prevents relative rotation betweenthe input shaft 20 and the'sleeve 53, y,theu'one-way brake v54 willprevent counterclockwise rotation of the input shaft 20. If the vehicleis to be allowed to move forwardly, thev clutch 23 is disengaged.

In the modification of Figl5 theone-way brake 1 54 is located inasomewhat diierenteposition. A housing 81 for the fluid coupling l|74 andthe clutch 23 is providedwith an inwardly directved flange 88 to whichis securedbya yplurality of screws 89 a flange ring 90, whichactsagainst The shifting vinput shaft 20 in themanner of the sleeve 53in Figs. 1 and 2 but is spaced 4outwardly therefrom so as to provideroom for a control means l92 for the clutch 23. Seals 93v and 94 areprovided to retain lubricant in the one-way brake 5 4 of Fig. 5. Thecontrol means 92 includesv a sleeve 92"', ball bearings 95, and a ringV9b engaging the ball bearings 95 andv engaging another ring 91 all atthe left end of the sleeve 92a, and at the right end thereof a part 91a,adapted to be suitably engaged by a lever or other control mechanism,not shown. The ring 91"engages the inner end of the plurality of levers62 which in the manner of Fig. 1 are fulcrumed on members 63 secured toclutch shell part 24. The outer ends of the levers 62 act against thepressure ring 26 of vthe clutch 23.

Sleeve 92a directly surrounds a fixed sleeve 92b secured by screws 56 toa casing 92c of -a transmission 921. The one-way brake 54 of Fig. 5functions in the same manner as that of Fig. 1 inA `that it prevents thesleeve 9| from rotating in a counterclockwise direction when viewed inthe section looking fromleft to right. When the clutch 23 is engaged,the connection of the sleeve 9| with the input shaft 20 through theclutch 23 assures that the input shaft 20 cannot rotate in acounterclockwise direction. If now the transmission 92d is set for anyforward speed, the output shaft thereof also may not rotate in acounterclockwise direction, and this means that the vehicle may not rollbackwards. VIf the transmission is set for reverse, the output shaft maynot rotate in a clockwise direction, and thus Y Vend member |03 for theone-way brake 59. The 'one-way brake 54 acts between the fixed ring |02and a sleeve |04 secured to the clutch shell member 24 forming part ofthe driving side of the clutch 23. The one-way brake 54 Aacts against aportion |05 of relatively small radius of the sleeve |04 which does notdirectly surround the input shaft 20 but is spaced therefrom only by asleeve |06 secured to the transmission casing 92c and by a sleeve |01forming part of control means |08 for the clutch 23. The control means-|08 includes also a ball bearing |09 and a ring ||0 mounted at the leftend ofthe sleeve |01 and a part at thek right end of the sleeve |01. Thepart is adapted to be suitably engaged by a lever or other controlmechanism, not shown, through which the sleeve |01 may be. shifted totheleft, causing the ring ||0 tokengage and to `move to the left theinner ends of levers 62 fulcrumed upon members 63. Thus rightwardmovement .of the outer ends of the levers 62 is produced, `causingrightward movement of the pressure ring 26 against springs 21 anddisengagement of clutch 23.. The one-way brake of Fig. 6 functions inthe same manner as those of Figs. 1 and 5 in that it Yprevents thesleeve 404 from rotatingl in a counterclockwise direction acteert l whenviewed in a section looking,- ,from left t0 right. When the clutch 2.3.is engagedl the Corinection of thesleeve H14 with the input shaft 20through the clutch 23 assures that vtheinput shaft 20 will not rotate in,a counterciockwise direction. If now the transmission 92d is set forany forward speed, the output shaft thereof may not rotate in acountercloclwise direction, and this means that the vehicle may not rollbackwards. If the transmission is set for reverse,

the output shaft'may not rotate in a clockwise` r direction, and thusthe vehicle is prevented from rolling forwards. Disengagement of theclutch will permit thevehicle-to roll forwards or back- Wards;

The transmission 92d usedwith the modification of Fig. 5 or with that of6 maybe like the transmission 30 of Fig. l or .the transmission 'i0 ofFig. 2. t

The constructions of Figs, ,5 and 6 have the advantage that the clutchcontrol means does not extend through Athe ,connection between theclutchcasing and the rotatable sleeve against which the one-way brake 54acts. The construc-` tion of Fis. 1 has the advantage ihatthe one- Waybrake 54 is kept at as s rnaill a radius as possible, since the*rotatabler shaft `5111 v'against which the one-Way brake acts directlysurrounds the input shaft 2B.

We claim: i

l. The combination with an enginea changer speed transmlssionhaving aninput shaft and an output shaft and settable-in a iirtdrivingarrangement involving rotation of the shafts the same direction and in asecond arrangement involving rotation of the shafts in oppositedirections, and a clutch havngfa ldriving side adapted to be drivinglyconnected with the engine'and a driven Side adapted to be'dr'ivinelyConnected with the input shaft of the transmission; of a one-wayrbrakeassociatedwith the drivingfside of the clutch for ypreventingduringengagement of the durch the output .shaft ,fromrotaiing their;- putshaftin a direction opposite to that produced by normal engine operationvvvitlri-tl1e Atransmis-A sion either in the lfirst drive-transmittingarrangement or in lthe second ,drive-transmitting arrangement. 1

2. The combination 4with fa driving means for a vehicle comprising,anengine a .changespeed transmission havingan input vshaft andanioutnur shaft and being settable in a `first ,drivetransmitting`arrangement involving@ forward movement of the vehicle for a certaindirection of rotation of the input Shaft produced by norfmal engineoperation vand in j a second .drivetransmitting arrangement :involving arearward movementV of the lve hicle for y the said certain direction ofrotation of the input shaft and a clutch having a driving side ladaptedto be drivingly connected with nthe engine Aand a driven side drivinglyconnected with ythe input shaft of the transmission; ofa-one-way brakeassociated with the driving side of -theciutchsoasto prevent rotation oftheinputshaftofftheftransmission opposite tothe saidqcertain directionduring engagement of ythe clutch therebypreventing rearward movement ofthe vehicle `with the transmission setl for theiirst drive-transmittingarrangement and vforwardmovement of the vehicle with they transmissionset for the second drive-transmitting arrangement, i

3. The combination with f -a r@hamac-speed transmission -having aninputshaftandan out-v put shaft and a clutch.havinae-:drvingSide and adrivenside drivinglyv yconnected, with `the input snaft'tf thetransmission; f one-,way brakey tation of thev input shaft' in@ certaindirection and therewith rotation of the output shaft in 'one directionor the other depending upon' the drivel transmitting arrangement of. thetransmission.

4. The combination with a driving meansffor a vehicle comprising anengine," a c'hangeLsp'eed transmission having an input shaftand'anoutputsliaft and being setta .`bleA inf"'a`."firstvdrivetransmitting arrangement involving a forward movement of thevehicle. for ya certain direction of rotation of' the inputshaftfprbducedloxyno'rfA mal engine opei" ation andin a second drive,-transmitting arrangement' Vinvolving a'` rearward movement of thevehicle for the said certain di? rection of rotation of the` inputshaft, a `clutch having a driving side anda driven' side drivingliIconnected withthe input shaft of the transmis#- sion, and `a' fluidpower-transmitting deviceconnectingthe engine and the driving'side `ofthe clutch;- Yof a one-way brake associated with ythe driving vside ofthe lclutch so as to prevent'rota'-v tionxof the input shaft'of thetransmission opposite to the said `certain direction during engagementof the .clutch for preventing'rearward movement ofthe vehicle with thetransmission set for `the drivestransmitting 'arrangement andforwar'dmovement of the vehicle with the transmission set v,for .the vseconddrive-transmittingarrangement.

5.' The combination'with anenginc'; -a changespeed transmissioncomprising a casing, aninput shaft projecting from Lthe casing, anoutput shaft, and gearing connecting the inputshaftand 'out-` put shaftrfor providing a lfirst drive-transmitting arrangement .involvingrotation of the output shaft in Aone direction forja gvenldirection 4ofrotation of theY input shaft andI a second drivetransmitting arrangementinvolving rotation of the output .shaftV in the opposite direction forthe said given direction of rotation of the'input shaft, la clutchcomprising a drivingside and a v driven [sidel `dr, i"vin'gly' connectedwith the .input shaft, and ,a fluid .power-transmitting deviceconnecting Vthe engine and the ydriVingside of the Clutch; of a A.sleevek'surrjounding a portion of the input shaft/ outside "of thetransmission casing and drivinglyconnectedwiht thedriving sidefof theclutch,l and' a one-,way brake .acting between the-sleevean'd the4transmission"casing for ,pre-g Venting vrotation of the' inputshaftopposite'to thegivenidirection of rotation'during engage--l ment ofthfeciutch.

o6. Thecombination with an engine, aohangespeedtransrnission comprisinga casing, `an,input shaft projectingfrom'the casing, anoutput shaft,andgearing connecting'the input shafta'nd out-- put shaft for providinga ilrst drive-transmitting arrangement' involving rotation'of the outputshaftv in one direction vfor a given directionfof rotationoi:` theinputshaft and a`secorddrivetransmitting arrangement involving rotation ofthe output shaft in the opposite direction for AAthe said given,direction `of 'rotation of ,the input' shaft,

1'1 sleeve and being attacliledxto the transmission casing, meansadjustably mounted on the second sleeve Vfor shifting the driven side ofthe clutch with respect to the driving side thereof for producingvengagement and disengagement of the clutch, and a one-Way brake actingbetween the sleeves adjacent the transmission casing for preventingduring engagement of the clutch rotation of the input shaft in adirection opposed to the said given direction.

"7.. The combination with driving means for a` vehicle comprising anengine, a change-speed transmission comprising a casing, an input shaftprojecting from the casing, an output shaft, and gearing interconnectingthe shafts for providing arst drive-transmitting arrangement involvingfor a given direction of rotation of the input shaft rotation of theoutput shaft in one directionv and forward movement of thevehicle and asecondV drive-transmitting arrangement involving for the said givendirection of rotation of the input shaft rotation of the output shaft ina direction opposite to the `said one direction and rearward movement ofthe vehicle, a, clutch comprising a driving sideand a Adriven sidedrivingly connected with the input shaft, and a fluid power-transmittingdevice connecting the engine and the driving side of the clutch; of asleeve surrounding a portion of the input shaft outside of thetransmission casing and drivingly con` nected with the driving side ofthe clutch, and a one-way brake acting between the sleeve and thetransmission casing so as to prevent rotation of the input shaftopposite to the given direction of rotation during engagement of theclutch, whereby when the transmission is in the first drive-transmittingarrangement the vehicle is prevented from moving'rearwards, and when thetransmission is in the second drive-transmitting arrangement the vehicleis prevented from moving forwards.

8. The combination with driving means for a vvehicle comprising anengine, a change-speed transmission comprising a casing, an input shaftprojecting from the casing, an output shaft, and gearing interconnectingthe shafts for providing a rst drive-transmitting arrangement involvingfor a given direction of rotation of the input shaft rotation of theoutput shaft in one direction and forward movement of the vehicle and asecond drive-transmitting arrangement involv ing 'for the said givendirection of rotation of the input shaft rotation of the output shaft ina direction opposite to the said one direction and rearward movement ofthe vehicle, a clutch comprising a driving side, a driven side drivinglyconnected with the input shaft, and means for adjusting the driving anddriven sides of the clutch with respect to one another to produceengagement and disengagement of the clutch, and a iiuidpower-transmitting device drivingly connecting the engine and thedriving side of the clutch; of a first sleeve surrounding a portion ofthe input shaft outside of the transmission casing and drivinglyconnected with the driving side of the clutch, a second sleevesurrounding the first sleeve outside of the casing and attached to thetransmission casing, means supporting the adjusting meansy for theclutch on the second sleeve, and a one-way brake acting between thesleeves adjacent the transmission casing so as to prevent rotation ofthe input shaftvopposite to the said given direction o f rotation duringen-` gagementof the clutch whereby when the transmission is in the firstdrive-transmitting arrangement the vehicle is prevented from movingrear-` wards and when the transmission is in the seconddrive-transmitting arrar'igementfthe vehicle is prevented from movingforwards.

9. The combination with driving meansfor a vehicle comprisingY anengine,I a change-speed transmission comprising a casing, an input shaftprojecting from the casing; an'output shaft, and gearing interconnectingthe shafts for providing a first drive-transmitting arrangment involvingfor a given direction of rotationof 'the input shaft rotation of theoutput 'shaft in onel direction and forward movement of the'vehicle anda second drive-transmitting arrangement involv` ing for the said givendirection of rotation of the input shaft rotation of thel output shaftin a direction opposite to the said one direction and rearward movementof the vehicle, a clutch comprising a driving side adapted tobeldrivingly connected with the engine and a driven side drivinglyconnected with the input shaft; of a sleeve surrounding a portion of theinput shaft outside of the transmission'casing and drivingly connectedwith the'driving side of the clutch, and a one-way brake actingbetweenthe sleeve and the transmission casing so as to/prevent rotationof the input shaft oppositevto Ythe given direction of rotation duringengagement of the clutch, whereby when the transmission is the rstdrive-transmitting arrangement the vehicle is prevented from movingrearwards, and when the transmission isV in the seconddrive-transmitting arrangement the vehicley is prevented from movingforwards. I p

10. The combination with driving means for a vehicle comprising "anengine, a change-speed transmission comprising a casing, an input shaftprojecting fromthe casing, an output shaft, and gearing interconnectingthe shafts for providing a rst drive-transmitting arrangement involvingfor a given direction 'of rotation of the input shaft rotation of theoutput shaft'in one directionand forward movement of the vehicle and asecond drive-transmitting arrangement involving'for the said givendirection of rotation of the input shaft rotation ofV the output shaftin a'direction opposite to the said one direction and rearward movementof the vehicle, a clutch comprising a driving side adapted to bedrivingly connected with the engine, a 'driven side drivingly connectedwith the input shaft, and means for adjusting the driving and drivensides of the clutch with respect to oneanother to effect engagement anddisengagement' of the clutch; of a -first sleeve surrounding a portionof the input shaft outside of the transmission casing and drivinglyconnected with the driving side of the clutch, a second sleevesurrounding' the rst sleeveoutside of the casing and attached to thetransmission casing, means ysupporting the adjusting means for theclutchon'the second sleeve, and a one-way brake acting between thesleeves adjacent the transmissionca'lsing 'sol as to prevent rotation ofthe input shaft opposite to the said given direction of rotation duringengage- A ment of the clutch wherebyr when l'thev transmisl asi-amashaft for providing a rstdrive-transmitting ar# rangement involvingrotation of the output shaft in one direction for a given direction ofrotation of the input shaft and asecond drive-transmitting arrangement.involving rotation of they output:

shaft in the opposite direction for the said given direction of rotationof the input shaft, aclutch positioned completely exterior of the.transmission.

casing and comprising a driving side and a driven side drivinglyconnected with the input: shaft; of

a sleeve surrounding a portion of. thev input shaftoutside of thetransmission casing and drivingly connected with the driving side ofthe.clutch,

and a one-way brake acting between thev sleeve and the transmissioncasing forpreventingl rota;- tion of the input shaft opposite tothegivendi; rection of rotation during engagement of the clutch.

12. The combination with a. change-.speed transmission comprising avcasing, aninputshaft.-

projecting from the casing, an output shaft, and gearing connecting theinput shaftandv output shaft for providing a first drive-transmittingarrangement involvingrotation of the output. shaft in one direction fora given direction of rotation of the input shaft and a seconddrive-trans'mitting arrangement vinvolving rotation of' the, outputshaft in the opposite direction for the said given direction of rotationof the input shaft; a. clutch positioned completely exterior ofthetransmission casing and comprisinga driving side and a driven sidedrivingly connected with the: input shaft; of

a first sleeve surrounding a portion of the,` input,

shaft outside of the transmission casing and driv-v ingly connected withthe driving side of the clutch, a second sleeve surrounding the rstsleeve and being attached to the transmission casing.y

means a'djustably mounted on the second'sleevev for shiftingthe drivenside of" the clutch with respect to the driving side thereof forproducing engagement and disengagement of the clutchgand a one-way brakeactingl between the sleeves adjacent the transmission casing forpreventing during engagement of the clutch rotation of the input shaftin a direction opposed' to-v thesa'idl givenl direction.

i3. The combination projecting from the casing, any outputshaft, and

gearing connecting the shafts so as; to provide different directions ofrotation of the output shaft for a given direction of rotation of" theinput:

shaft, and ay clutch comprising a hub member,

rwith aA change-speed transmission comprising a casing, an inputshaft lconnectedfwith the-input--shaft of; a oneiway a shell secured to theperipheryfof'the hub mem-` ber, a disc drivinglyy connected with theinputv shaft, a pressure ring, springs acting: between the pressure ringand the shell to make the `pressure ring press the disc intov drivingengagement with the hub member,- levers mounted on. the shell fordisengaging the disc from the hub-member; of a first sleeve surroundinga portion of the input shaft exterior of the transmission casing, acon-- nector secured tothe shell and projecting inwardl ly into drivingengagement with the first sleeve, a second sleeve surrounding theii'rstisleeve and attached to the transmission casing, an annuluspositioned Within the clutchso astobe engageablevvv with the levers, aplurality of pins secured to theannulus in spaced relationabout'theinputshaft'f and extending parallel thereto through the con.

nector, control 'means mounted on the second sleeve so as to beengageable-withthe pins for causing the annulus vto make? theleversrelease the pressure ringfrom effecting engagement be-w tween the discrand'thehubmember, andar ones-- way brake. actingv betweenithe v,sleeves:adjacent the. transmission fcasing for preventing rotation.

of .the inputshaft in a direction opposite to. the

said vgiven". direction during engagement. of the clutchff Y 14. Thevcombination with' a. change-speed transmission comprising: a casing,aninputsshafti projecting from the casing,'an outputl shaftrand gearingconnecting' the shafts.- sor as to, providedifferent directions'ofrotationofthefoutputgshaft for a given directionof rotation.l of: theinput shaft',

and a clutch comprisinga. driven4 side dri'vingly:A

connected to the input shaft',l a: driving'.sideisur.` rounding thedriven side, andi-disabling' means Acontainedwithin ther driving sidefor. producing engagement and` disengagement1`of'the clutch. by;ladjustment of the driving' and driven. sides withv respect :to one.another of a flrstsleeve.y surrounding' a. portion -of the input` shaftexterior of: the transmissioncasingl and' drivingly connectedtwith. the'driving sid'efof theclutch, a., second sleeve surrounding y'the first.sleevfe. and 'attached` tol thev transmission casing, control' means:mounted on the second sleeve, and: elements" passing lthrough thedrivingy side of the clutch forl causing the. control means to act uponthe' disabling. meansv to engage or disengage thecl'utch, and aone-Awayv brake acting between the sleevest'o preventrota-f tion of theinput shaftin a;1dire'ction opposedto.A

the said given direction during' engagement. of the:

clutch. f u

15. The combination 'with an engine; a: trans'- mission having aninput'shaft", an output shaft.'

and means connecting'theinput and output shafts in rarrangementslinvolving a plurality` of 'speed ratiosv of output' shaft to' inputshaft fory acertain direction o'frotation yof tlfiejfoutput shaft withia given direction' of rotationfoi the input. shaft'and` at least oneother speed' ratiooff thefoutput shaftto inputshaftv for rotation of theoutputv shaft opposi'te tothe said givenrdirectiony of' rotation of theinput shaft, said connecting' meansinclud-l ing gearsand-anyoverrun'ning` clutch enabling certainof. the gears t'o'be leptin meshthroughout' operation v`in thesaidA pluralityl off speed ratios;

and a 'clutch having'a` driving-sided'ri'vi'ngl'y conf-- nectedwiththeengine: anda` driveny sid`e=drivingly brake' associatedwith--the-ldri-ving side of`v thel last f, named clutchA so astopreventf duringvengagementl ofthe clutch rotationcfv the input shaftin a direction opposite 'to' the saidgiv'endirection pro-w duced' byvattempted rotation-fof@the-*output shaft i in thesaid-certaindirection'duringoperationl of". the transmission `inthe-said `other speed ratio and-*also produced by attempted@ rotationof' theA output "shaft in the direction opposite `to thes'aidcertandi'rection during'foperation of the transmissioniin' thesaid'plurality of'v speed ratios, the portionsof theconnectingmeansbetweenthe in put and output shafts associated withvthe'overrunning clutchvrotating'i'n'f the proper direction to cause thesame'to-.trans'mitdriveunder the above1conditions. v

16.l The'combinationwithv=- a shaft and driving` means thereforcomprising' a iiuid power-transmitting device and' a clutch having adriving' sidel connected with the iiuidpoweri-transmitting' l device anda v'driven side lconnected with the shaft; of ai holdingdevice-'for''preventing'rota` tion of the shaft in one direction duringengagement; of *the clutch, saidfholdi'ng device com' prisinga one-'waybrake, and-a=sleeve"surroundingthe 1 shaft and' connecting theone-waybrakeI vl 17; ,The combination with .afluid power-transmitting device,aA clutch comprisingv a driving side connected with the `device andhaving a cover, and aydriven` side-formed of a disk positioned withinthe driving side, and a shaft projecting through the fluidpower-transmitting device and the clutch and having driving engagementwith the disk thereof; of a holdingdevice for-,preventing rotation oftheshaft in one` direction during engagement .ofthe clutch,v said holdingdevice comprising a one-way brake-and a sleeve surrounding the shaft andconnecting the onewayl brake and the cover. Y.

18. The ,combinationiwith an engine, a change speed` transmissionocmprising an input shaft,

an. output shaft, 'andgearing connecting the input and output shafts toprovide for a first drivetransmitting arrangement involving rotation ofthe output shaft in one directionfor a given direction of rotation oftheV input shaft and a second drive-transmitting arrangement involving.rotation of the output shaft in the opposite direction for the saidgiven direction of, rotation of theinput shaft,'a .clutch comprising adrivingside `and adriven side, said driven side being drivinglyconnected with the input shaft, aslipdrive power transmitting devicedrivingly connecting the engine and the driving side of the clutchand ahousing for said clutchv and said slip-drive power transmitting device;of a first sleeveL surrounding a portion of the input shaft, said sleevebeingV drivingly connected with the driving side of the clutchand spacedradially outwardly from said input shaft, a flangev ring carried by saidhousing having portions surrounding said first sleeve, a one-way brakeactking between said sleeve and the portions of said flange ringsurrounding said sleeve adapted to prevent, during engagement of theclutch, rotation of the -input shaft ink a direction opposed to the saidgiven direction, and means adjustablymounted within said yfirst sleevefor-shifting the driving side of the clutch with respect tothe drivenside thereof to effect engagement and disengagement ofthe clutch andthereby control operation of the one-way brake.

19,.v The combination with an engine, a change speed transmissioncomprising an input shaft, an

output shaft, and gearing connecting the input and `output shafts toprovide for a first drivetransmitting arrangement involving rotation ofthe output shaft in one direction for a given direction of rotationrofthe input shaft and a second drive-transmitting arrangement involvingrotation of the output shaft in the opposite direction for the saidgiven direction of rotation of the input shaft,a clutch comprising adriving side and a driven side, said driven side being drivinglyconnected with the inputy shaft, avslip-.drive power transmitting devicedrivingly connecting the engine and the driving side of the clutch, anda housing for said clutch and said slip-drive power transmitting device;of a first sleeve surrounding a portion of the input shaft, said sleevebeing drivingly connected with the driving side of the clutch and spacedradial- 1y l outwardly from said input shaft, a wall carried by saidhousing having portions surround'- ing portions of said first sleeve, aone-way brake acting between saidsleeve and theportions rof said housingwall surrounding said sleeve adapted; to prevent, during engagement ofthe clutch.` rotation vof the input shaft in a direction opposed` to theYsaid given direction, and means;adiustr:4 ably mountedv withinv-saidfirst ,sleevefor sluit-- ingthedriving side of the clutch with respectto `the jdrivensidethereof to effect engagement and disengagement of theclutch.

v.20..,I nJcombination, an engine driven member. altransmis's'io'nvhaving input and output members arranged forV rotation of the outputmember inthe same v direction as and in' the opposite directionto theinputmember, a fluid operated power ytransmitting device4 comprisingrelatively rotatable; drivingand driven elements, said fluid power.transmitting device being interposed between-said engine driven memberand said transmission input member, means drivingly connecting the..engine driven member and the driving element of thefiuid powertransmitting device, drivetransm-itting means connecting the drivenelement ofthe fluid power transmitting device and the transmission inputmember, a relatively fixed member and av one-way brake connectedbetween, saidrelatively'fixed member and the drivenelement of the fluidpower transmitting device-to` restrain rotation of 'said transmissioninput member in one direction.

21; vIn combination, an engine-driven shaft and a geartype-,power'transmission unit including relatively rotatablejinput andoutput members arranged to provide for rotation of the output member inthe same direction as and in the oppositedire'ctionto the input member,said engine driven shaft and said` input member being interconnected bydrive transmitting means including a fluidoperated slip-drive powertransmitting device,r a clutch having driving and driven membersincluded in the drive transmitting |`means interconnecting theslip-drive power transmitting device and the input to the powertransmission unit, a relatively fixed member and a one-way brakeconnected between saidl relatively fixed member and the driving memberof said clutch, said brake being arranged to prevent rotation oftheinput member in one direction `when vthe clutch is engaged.

22. .Ine a motorvehicle drive train, an engine driven driving shaft, aslip-drive power transmitting device drivingly connected to and drivenby said driving shaft, la clutch including frictionally engageabledriving and driven elements having the driving element thereof drivinglyconnected to and driven by the slip-drive power transmitting device,avehicle propelling driven shaft drivingly connected to the drivenelement of saidclutch, andaone-way brake device arranged concentricallyabout a portion of said driven shaft andconnected between the drivingelement of said clutch vand a relatively fixed member to preventvrotation of said driven shaft in one direction.l

23. In a motor vehicle` drive train, an engine driven driving shaft, -avfluid operated slip-drive power transmitting device drivingly connectedto and driven by said driving shaft, a manually controlled clutchincluding frictionally engageable4 driving and driven elements havingthe driving element thereof drivingly connected to f and driven by thefluid operated slip-drive power transmitting device, a-vvehiclepropelling driven shaft drivingly connected vto the driven element ofsaid clutch, and a one-way brake device arranged concentrically `about aportion of said driven shaft and connected between a relatively fixedmember andthe driving element of said clutchto preventfrotation of saiddriven shaft in onefdirection, the portion of the drive train from-,saiddrivenl lshaft to saidone-way brake devicefpassing throughthefrictionally engaged .17 clutch, whereby the effect of is operativelycontrolled by said clutch.

24. In a motor vehicle drive train comprising an engine driven drivingshaft, a slip-drive power transmitting device drivingly connected to thedriving shaft, a manually controlled clutch device having frictionallyengageable driving and driven elements, means drivingly connecting thesaid one-Way brake the engagement of slip drive power transmittingdevice and the 10 clutch driving element, a vehicle propelling drivenshaft arranged in series drive transmitting relationship with andconnected to the clutch driven element, and a one-way concentricallyabout said driven shaft and conneeted to the driving element of saidclutchto prevent rotation of the driving element in one direction, thetransmission of drive from said driven shaft to said one-way brakerpassing through the frictionally engaged clutch elements whereby theeffect of said one-way brake on the brake arranged,k

. 18 drive train is operatively controlled by said clutch.

CARL A. NERACHER. WILLI-AM T. DUNN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent: y

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 866,456 George Sept. 17, 19071,410,423 Stevens Mar. 21, 1922 1,694,181 Kaplon Dec. 4, 1928 2,182,407Phelan et al. Dec. 5, 1939 2,245,817 Peterson et al June 17, 19412,279,999 McKechnie Apr. 14, 1942 2,324,703 Hoffman July 20, 19432,349,642 Watson May 23, 1944 2,548,207 Dunn Apr. 10, 1951

